ISABEL RUBIO ARROYO | Tungsteno
Before any woman in the United States earned an engineering degree, Emily Warren Roebling was already leading the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge. After the death of her father-in-law and the illness of her husband, she stepped in to take charge of the project, becoming the first female field engineer and overseeing every detail of its completion. Her life and legacy secured her place as a key figure in the history of engineering.
The tragedy that led her to lead the Brooklyn Bridge project
Warren was born in 1843 in Cold Spring, New York, into an upper-middle-class family. She attended the Georgetown Visitation Convent, a prestigious girls-only school, where she studied mathematics and science despite prevailing beliefs that higher education was unnecessary for women. Later in life, at the age of 56, she earned a women’s law course certificate from New York University and won a $50 prize for her essay "A Wife's Disabilities," in which she criticised the legal restrictions on women's financial independence.
Warren met Washington Roebling, a young officer, while visiting her brother at an army camp during the Civil War. They fell in love and soon married. In 1867, before construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began, the coupled travelled to Europe on a belated honeymoon to research technical innovations for the project that her father-in-law, John A. Roebling, had designed. There they studied the use of caissons—pressurised watertight chambers used to build underwater foundations for bridges—as well as other advanced bridge-building techniques.
Tragedy propelled Emily Warren Roebling to the forefront of engineering. In 1869, her father-in-law died of tetanus after an accident on the construction site. Her husband, Washington Roebling, assumed the role of chief engineer, but became gravely ill. Exposed to the dangers of the newly introduced pneumatic caissons used to construct the bridge’s foundations, he developed severe decompression sickness and was confined to bed.
Warren took the lead in building the Brooklyn Bridge. Credit: Intrigued Mind
From self-taught engineer to women's rights activist
With Washington unable to work, Warren assumed a crucial role: she managed her husband's communications, studied his plans, copied his specifications, and relayed instructions to assistant engineers. Washington described her as his "wisest counsellor" and "a woman of infinite tact." She visited the construction site daily, attended board meetings, and oversaw the project, all the while carefully concealing the extent of her involvement in order to protect her husband's reputation. Along the way, she learned about material strength, stress analysis, cable construction and the mathematics of the catenary curve.
Shortly before the bridge's inauguration, she drove a carriage across it to test its vibrations, carrying a rooster as a symbol of victory. On 24 May 1883, she became the first person to cross the Brooklyn Bridge in a carriage during its official opening, and later that day she hosted a reception at her home for US President Chester A. Arthur.
After the bridge’s completion, she travelled alone to Europe, where she met Queen Victoria in London and attended the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II in Moscow. Upon her return, she gave lectures about her experiences in Russia for the Federation of Women's Clubs, becoming increasingly active in the fight for gender equality. She toured the country, speaking in defence of women's suffrage and social services for the poor, and urged women to study law.
The Brooklyn Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world when it opened on 24 May 1883. Credit: Jf Szekely / Wikimedia Commons
An "everlasting monument" to sacrifice
In 2024, an average of 103,051 vehicles, 28,845 pedestrians and 5,504 cyclists crossed the Brooklyn Bridge every day. This infrastructure has become a living legacy of Warren's vision, effort and determination. "Wife, mother, lecturer, student, world traveller and clubwoman, this multi-faceted Victorian woman was a pioneering example of independence," says the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
As New York Congressman Abram Hewitt said during the opening ceremony, the bridge represents "an everlasting monument" to Warren's dedication and personal sacrifice. "The name of Emily Warren Roebling will...be inseparably associated with all that is admirable in human nature and all that is wonderful in the constructive world of art," he said.
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